I took a tour of an air traffic control facility, this afternoon, and learned a few things from a controller's perspective. We couldn't take photos as we toured the actual floor of the air traffic control center, but we were allowed to snap pictures in the training center; they look almost identical.
1. There are three basic types of air traffic controllers, each of which is highly specialized: those who work in the towers at the airport, those who work in the "centers" that handle en route traffic, and approach/departure terminal controllers who handle traffic arriving and leaving the airspace outside of an airport.
So, a center controller hands traffic over to a terminal controller who would then hand traffic off to a tower controller for landing at an airport. Simple concept, tricky execution, especially when there's a VFR pilot flying close to controlled airspace (like Class B) and not talking to any controllers, which is perfectly legal when flying VFR (i.e. not on a flight plan).
2. Air traffic controllers jokingly refer to jumpers (parachutists) as "meat rockets." (Parachutists don't show up on radar.)
3. For IFR pilots: It's rare that a controller will ask a private pilot to fly an "unpublished hold," especially on a VOR. In other words, it would be rare for a controller to tell a pilot, "Hold east of the Oceanside VORTAC on the 090 radial, left turns, maintain 5,000', expect further clearance 0+50." The controllers probably wouldn't know the exact phraseology, either, and VORs are going away in lieu of GPS. For private pilots in small (slow) planes, controllers would rather simply give a pilot vectors to fly a box rather than a racetrack (see last photo).
4. Everyone knows "Mayday. Mayday. Mayday," but no one seems to know or use "Pan-pan, pan-pan, pan-pan."
Mayday: Emergency (from the French, "m'aider" meaning "help me").
Pan: Urgent problem (from the French, "panne" meaning "breakdown" – think of it as Mayday lite). 🛬
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